Chapter Two — Literature Review
2.3 Empirical literature
Studies of institutional reporting in the region have consistently reported a gap between the data collected at district level and the figures released nationally. Where the discrepancy has been examined directly, it is attributed to differences in the point at which records are aggregated rather than to errors in the underlying returns(Nakato & Okello, 2023).
A smaller body of work has taken the opposite approach, treating the published series as the unit of analysis and asking how far it can be reconciled with administrative records before the two diverge(Ministry of Education, 2021). Neither approach has yet been applied to the sub-county level, which is where this study is positioned.












